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Á¦¸ñ Çܸ´°ú ±× ¹®Á¦Á¡µé(Hamlet and His Problems)-1
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FEW critics have even admitted that Hamlet the play is the primary problem, and Hamlet the character only. secondary. And Hamlet the character has had an especial temptation for that most dangerous type of critic: the critic with a mind which is naturally of the creative order, but which through some weakness in creative power exercises itself in criticism instead. These minds often find in Hamlet a vicarious existence for their own artistic realization.



¾î¶² Æò·Ð°¡µéÀº ¿ì¼± Çܸ´À̶õ ¿¬±ØÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡À», Çܸ´À̶õ µîÀåÀι° »ÓÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀδÙ. µÎ ¹øÂ°·Î, µîÀåÀι°ÀÎ Çܸ´À» Æò·ÐÀ¸·Î ¾µ ¶§, À§ÇèÇÏ°Ô À̲ø¸®´Â ¸ÀÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸µç °Í¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ¸ñÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â º»ÁúÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â Æò·Ð°¡³ª ¾î¶² Ãë¾àÇÔÀ» ÅëÇØ ºñÆÇÀÇ ÈûÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇÏ´Â Æò·Ð°¡¿¡°Ô ´õ´õ¿íÀÌ À§ÇèÇÑ ¸ÀÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¸À¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÈù Æò·Ð°¡µéÀº ÀÚÁÖ Çܸ´À» ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿¹¼úÀûÀÎ ±ú´ÞÀ½À» À§ÇØ ´ë¸®ÇÏ´Â Á¸Àç·Î ¹Ù²ã µÎ°ï ÇÑ´Ù.



​ Such a mind had Goethe, who made of Hamlet a Werther; and such had Coleridge, who made of Hamlet a Coleridge; and probably neither of these men in writing about Hamlet remembered that his first business was to study a work of art.



±×·¡¼­ ±«Å×´Â Çܸ´À» º£¸£Å׸£·Î ¸¸µé¾ú°í, Äݸ®Áö´Â Çܸ´À» Äݸ®Áö·Î ¸¸µé¾î³Â´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶ Çܸ´À» µÎ°í ¾´ »ç¶÷µéÀº Çܸ´ÀÌ Ã¹ ¹øÂ°·Î ÇÑ °³Àλç¾÷ÀÌ ¿¹¼úÀ» °øºÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾úÀ½À» ¶°¿Ã¸®Áö ¸øÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.​



The kind of criticism that Goethe and Coleridge produced, in writing of Hamlet, is the most misleading kind possible.



±«Å×¿Í Äݸ®Áö°¡ Çܸ´À» ¾²¸é¼­ »ý»êÇÑ Æò·ÐÀº ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù ¿ÀÇØ¸¦ ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°±â Æò·ÐÀ̾ú´Ù.



For they both possessed unquestionable critical insight, and both make their critical aberrations the more plausible by the substitution—of their own Hamlet for Shakespeare¡¯s—which their creative gift effects. We should be thankful that Walter Pater did not fix his attention on this play.



ÀÌµé µÑ ´Ù ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö ¾øÀÌ °­·ÂÇÑ ÅëÂû·ÂÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, Çܸ´À» '¼¼ÀͽºÇǾîÀÇ Çܸ´'À¸·Î °¡Á®´Ù°¡ ÀÚ±â³×µéÀÌ »ý°¢ÇÑ ´ë¸®Àû Á¸À縦 ´õ ±×·²µíÇÏ°Ô ²Ù¸ç³Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ùÅÍ ÆäÀÌÅÍ©ö°¡ ÀÌ ¿¬±Ø¿¡ ¾È ²ÈÇô¼­ ±ÛÀ» ¾È ¾´ °É ´ÙÇàÀ¸·Î ¿©°Ü¾ß°Ú´Ù.​



​ 1


Two recent writers, Mr. J. M. Robertson and Professor Stoll of the University of Minnesota, have issued small books which can be praised for moving in the other direction. Mr. Stoll performs a service in recalling to our attention the labours of the critics of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, 1 observing that



ÃÖ±Ù µÎ ¸íÀÇ ÀÛ°¡, Á¸ ¸¶ÄÉ³í ·Îºó½¼©÷°ú ¹Ì³×¼ÒŸ ´ëÇÐÀÇ ½ºÅç ±³¼ö´Â ¾Õ¼­ ¸»ÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦¿Í´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÂÊÀ¸·Î »ý°¢Çؼ­ ½è±â¿¡ ĪÂù¹ÞÀ» ¸¸ÇÑ ÀÛÀº Ã¥µéÀ» ÃâÆÇÇß´Ù. ½ºÅç ¾¾´Â 17¼¼±â¿Í 18¼¼±â Æò·Ð°¡µéÀÌ ÇÑ ÀϵéÀ» µÎ°í, ±× ÇÑ ¼¼±â¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÆòÇÑ´Ù.



they knew less about psychology than more recent Hamlet critics, but they were nearer in spirit to Shakespeare¡¯s art; and as they insisted on the importance of the effect of the whole rather than on the importance of the leading character, they were nearer, in their old-fashioned way, to the secret of dramatic art in general.



±×µéÀº ±Ù·¡¿¡ ³ª¿Â Çܸ´ Æò·Ð°¡µéº¸´Ù ½É¸®ÇÐÀ» ´ú ¾Ë¾ÒÁö¸¸, È¥ÀÌ ´ã±ä ¼¼ÀͽºÇǾîÀÇ ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ´õ ÁÖ¾ÈÁ¡À» µÎ¾î ±ÛÀ» ½è¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº 'µîÀåÀι°À» ÅëÇÑ Á߿伺'º¸´Ù´Â 'ÀÛǰ Àüü¸¦ ÅëÇÑ Á߿伺'À» ÁÖÀåÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ´ÄÀ¸¼ö·¹ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡Á®´Ù°¡ ±ØÀûÀÎ ¿¹¼úÀÇ ºñ¹Ð¿¡ ´õ °¡±îÀÌ °¥ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù .​






1- ¿ùÅÍ Çã·¹ÀÌ¼î ÆäÀÌÅÍ£¨Walter Horatio Pater ; 1839³â ~ 1894³â£©. ¿µ±¹ ¹®Çа¡ÀÌÀÚ Æò·Ð°¡. ¿Á½ºÆÛµå ´ëÇÐÀ» Á¹¾÷ÇÏ°í Æò»ýÀ» ¿Á½ºÆÛµå ´ëÇÐÀÇ ±³¼ö·Î Áö³Â´Ù. ¿¹¼úÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿¹¼úÀÇ ´ëº¯Àڷμ­ ¡¶¹®¿¹ºÎÈï¡·À» Àú¼úÇß´Ù. ¹ÌÀû ÀλóÀÇ °­·ÄÇϰí dzºÎÇÑ °æÇèÀ» À¯ÀÏÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â Ç㹫ÁÖÀÇÀû ½É¹ÌÁÖÀǸ¦ ¿ª¼³ÇÏ¿´´Ù.



2- Á¸ ¸¶ÄÉ³í ·Îºó½¼ £¨John Mackinnon Robertson ; 1856~1933£©. ¸¹Àº ±ÛÀ» ¾´ ¾ð·ÐÀÎÀ¸·Î, ÇÕ¸®ÁÖÀÇ¿Í ¼¼¼ÓÁÖÀǸ¦ ¿ËÈ£Çß´Ù. 1906³âºÎÅÍ 1918³â±îÁö Ƽ³×»çÀ̵åÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯´ç ÀÇ¿øÀ̾ú´Ù. ·Î¹öÆ®½¼Àº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ½ÅÈ­ ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ¿ËÈ£ÀÚ·Î °¡Àå Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.





¿µ¾î°¡ Àß µÇ½Ã´Â ºÐµéÀº ¿µ¾î¸¦ º¸½Ã´Â °É ÃßõÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á¦ ªÀº ¿µ¾î·Î´Â ÀÌ°Ô ÇѰè¶ó¼­ ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

À­ ±ÛÀº ½Å¼ºÇÑ ½££¨The Sacred Wood£©, ¿¤¸®¾îÆ®£¨T.S. Eliot 1888–1965£©¿¡¼­ ¹ßÃéÇÑ ¿µ¾î¸¦ Á¦°¡ Á÷Á¢ ¹ø¿ªÇغ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Á¦°¡ °¡Àå ÁßÁ¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÐÀº ºÎºÐÀÌ Çܸ´°ú ±× ¹®Á¦Á¡µé£¨Hamlet and His Problems£©ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸ñÂ÷µéÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ¹ø¿ªÀÌ µÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¹ø¿ªµÈ °ÍÀº Àß Ã£±â°¡ ¾î·Á¿ü½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô µÈ ¹Ù¿¡¾ß ±×³É ³»°¡ Á÷Á¢ ¾²ÀÚ´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ µé¾î ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¾¹´Ï´Ù. ¼øÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î µÚµµ ¾µ ¿¹Á¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

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