This study critically examines the limitations of fertility policies in Korea, focusing on the ¡®Framework Act on Low Birth Rate in an Aging Society¡¯. Despite its contributions to raising awareness of demographic issues and expanding social welfare, the policy has been widely criticized for its limited effectiveness and ideological shortcomings. The analysis identifies two primary structural issues: a lack of accountability and an absence of comprehensive governance. Furthermore, the study highlights how the policy's economic-centric framework undermines social values and individual autonomy, contributing to its ineffectiveness. Based on these findings, this study proposes a comprehensive reform of the framework act, including enhanced governance, integration of long-term strategies, and policies that prioritize social equity and participation. These reforms aim to provide a foundation for addressing demographic challenges through sustainable and inclusive approaches. This study contributes to advancing the discourse on demographic policies and offers actionable insights for future policy-making.